by Bruce Goodman

At its recent meeting in Detroit earlier this month, seven of the eleven states in the Midwestern Governors Association (including Michigan) signed an accord that provides a road map of work to be done to transition the region toward less reliance on fossil fuels. Key elements include:  

• working together on upgrading the region’s infrastructure to facilitate more renewable energy (improvements to transmission lines); •
• reducing electricity and natural gas use; 
• targeting a 25% RPS by 2025 (30% by 2030); energy efficiency building codes;
• a low-carbon fuel standard to encourage locally produced biofuels; and
• restructuring utility regulations to ensure energy efficiency is incorporated into a utility’s profit motive.

It would be interesting to know how much of this can be accomplished by regulation, and how much depends on legislation. To date the region’s efforts at coordinating energy policy has been somewhat uneven.

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by Bruce Goodman

Early in October Tom Friedman from the New York Times spoke in Grand Rapids. He addressed a crowd of 700 on many of the messages contained in his most recent book Hot, Flat and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution. His was an optimist message — no matter the problem(s), if we start solving them now they can be solved in time. He left somewhat to the imagination what constituted “in time”, having earlier stated that Al Gore got it all wrong on global warming. It fact it was happening faster and more severely than the former vice president predicted.

Not surprisingly his call for a carbon tax as a price signal that makes dirty fuels more expensive and clean fuels relatively cheaper did not get a lot of applause, even though it makes sense. He called on the crowd and the nation to be diligent and innovative in searching for sources of abundant, cheap, clean reliable electricity generation. He ended his presentation with his motto: “Change your leaders, not your light bulbs, because leaders write the rules. Rules shape the markets and markets give you scale. It starts there.”

Many more interesting and thought provoking comments. He could start a revolution.

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by Bruce Goodman

Michigan Tech University has determined that camelina, a weed from the mustard family, can be used to make a jet biofuel that produces 80 per cent less greenhouse gas emissions than petroleum jet fuel. Camelina has naturally high oil content, is drought tolerant, can be grown on marginal land, and requires less fertilizers and herbicides than food crops. It has been tested in a jet fuel blend comprised primarily of camelina by Japan Airlines. A 40,000 gallon order was recently placed on behalf of the U.S. Navy to be used in its testing program of alternative fuels to meet the goals of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Now the U.S. Air Force has contracted for 100,000 gallons of HRJ-8 for 2009-2010, most of which will be produced in Montana.  If a sucessful fuel crop, and if grown on marginal land, this would be a good example of a biofuel that avoids the food or fuel question.

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by Bruce Goodman

Math has always been my friend:  it is certain, reliable, and precise. It can predict when train #2 will overtake train #1. In the realm of wind energy it explains why offshore is better than onshore. Wind energy is the product of [(air density) x (2 x turbine blade length)² x (wind speed)³].  Therefore wind turbines are most powerful if the weather is colder, the blade longer, and the wind blows harder. During the peak loads of summer, winds over the lakes are more dense than over the land. Larger turbine blades can be floated to locations than can be railed or trucked. And offshore winds in Michigan are stronger than the winds over land. Despite high installation and maintenance costs the exponents will make all the difference in bringing offshore wind to Michigan.  Ahoy matey.

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by Bruce Goodman

By Executive Order dated July 30, 2009, Governor Granholm put into motion the climate action plan recommended by the Michigan Climate Action Council. She set goals of a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels by 2020, and an 80% reduction by 2050. The MDEQ was directed to begin tracking progress toward this goal beginning in 2012. Implementation measures include developing:

• Building codes to adopt higher energy efficiency standards;
• Strategies for reducing vehicular congestions; 
• An eco-driver program to improve driving patterns and practices;
• Practices for implementing carbon sequesteration practices in agriculture and forestry; 
• A statewide truck idling program; and 
• Adaptation plans for state.

54 climate mitigation actions form the basis of the climate action plan.

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by Bruce Goodman

The Department of Energy has awarded an initial $3.71 million grant to study whether carbon dioxide from Holland Board of Public Work’s proposed new coal-fired electric generating plant can be safely injected in below-ground sandstone formations.  PraxAir Inc. assisted in garnering the funds for the Board’s study.  Test wells will be drilled at the location of the plant.  The cost of the carbon-sequestration project is estimated to be $150 million in addition to the $240 million cost of the new plant.   The DOE has also awarded Wolverine Power Supply Cooperative Inc. $2.7 million to demonstrate the use of advanced amines and additives to capture 300,000 tons of  CO₂ per year from its proposed 600 MW circulating fluidized bed power plant near Rogers City.  Both projects are in the process of negotiating air permits with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.  Meanwhile the state legislature is working on a bill that would charge a one-time $1 per ton CO₂ fee and 15 cents per ton annually in exchange for the state assuming liability for the CO₂ storage.

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by Bruce Goodman

The City of Grand Rapids will soon be partnering with local agencies to set up its own carbon emissions trading market.  A local company already active in the carbon trading arena will be assisting in developing this carbon credit system.   The city is a renewable-electricity leader, achieving the goal of 20% municipal renewable-electricity by December 31, 2008. (Increases in municipal energy efficiency helped to offset the increased direct cost of purchasing renewable-electricity.) Grand Rapids is the largest single participant in Consumers Energy’s Green Generation program, whose energy supply comes from renewable sources, including wind, biomass, waste-to-energy, landfill gas and hydroelectric facilities.  Details of the program are still be worked out.

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by Bruce Goodman

A few months ago I wrote about the potential for Michigan to become a leader in converting biomass to energy.  We now are reading a lot about the occupant of the new Renewable Energy Renaissance Zone in the City of Kentwood which has various projects underway to convert biomass to energy. Heat Transfer International, Inc. specializes in biomass gasification/electric power generation systems that convert solid and semisolid biomass, such as animal waste, municipal solid waste, and forestry residues, into a combustible gas that can be used to power generators, dryers, heating and cooling equipment.

One of its Michigan projects, converting turkey litter to steam and electricity, is set for commercial operation in mid-October.  An energy developer is negotiating to install the HTI technology at a Michigan landfill site to process municipal solid waste. 

A key element of the patented processes is powering a jet turbine engine with hot air to produce electricity. The MPSC has awarded HTI $2.3 Million in grants to establish testing operations to facilitate the gasification technology and measure emissions from various biomass feedstocks.  It can therefore provide all the information needed for air quality permitting prior to installation taking place.  It will simply run samples of the fuel to be used through its testing facilities and get a printout of the air emissions.  It is thinking and planning like that which will make this Michigan based engineering group a success in the already crowded biomass to energy field.

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by Bruce Goodman

A road map for the development of offshore wind energy resources in the Great Lakes was handed to Governor Granholm by the Michigan Great Lakes Wind Council in early September. The report finds that 20% of the state owned bottomlands in the lakes has a depth of 30 meters or less, which makes it practicable for offshore wind farms.  Among its recommendations, the report suggests a 6-mile buffer zone from ordinary shorelines and a 13-mile buffer from national park shorelines, as well as listing other unsuitable development areas. It recommends that the state consider financial incentives for developers, such as tax incentives, grants, pricing, cost recovery guarantees, and favorable bottomlands lease rates. The report identifies “lessons learned” from experiences in other countries, and recommends that the Council’s life be extended through September 1, 2010 to continue its work.  That recommendation has been accepted and future meetings have been scheduled.

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